Arbies’ Online Journal

Macbeth’s internal crisis

There are several parts in the play where Shakespeare expresses Macbeth’s internal state of crisis. He uses several different language devices to provide further evidence of Macbeth’s crisis. The reason why Shakespeare has expressed Macbeth’s internal state of crisis is so that the audience and the reader understand the consequences of having committed those immoral actions.

During the act and when Macbeth is informed that 10000 soldiers are outside, Macbeth learns about the death of Lady Macbeth. He then proceeds to talk about how Lady Macbeth’s death shouldn’t have happened so quickly and on how life is so meaningless. Lady Macbeth shouldn’t have died this early. There would have been a better time. The endless of time. Time is going on and on creeps like a predator, till the last minute of all time. He makes a connection between language and time. It’s a reference to Shakespeare world to the last syllable. He has made a reference to himself as an author. The only thing ever achieved is death. Macbeth’s expression of despair what is the point in life. The main motive was his wife.Macbeth has lost everything. Life is easy to be put out and of no meaning. Life is always behind you, it is dark and it is empty. Life is short, only a little time is spent, there’s no time at all. Shakespeare Dr was our attention that this play is a construct. Shakespeare is deliberately breaking the suspension of disbelief. It’s making us see Macbeth as an actor.Its told by a man who is full of fury and sound. Life is meaningless. Macbeth is saying that Lady Macbeth has died too early.and that life is quite meaningless, you only live to die.

At the end of the scene where everyone had gone against Macbeth and only.fighting for him for money. 10000 soldiers are outside Dunsidane castle, we are near Macbeth’s demise where he has failed and is starting to question life and what the point of it is. Worse is to come to Macbeth.

Shakespeare uses personification in order to further express Macbeth’s deteriorating mind. A walking shadow this is personification as it is personifying Macbeth’s life as a shadow and it walking. It supports Macbeth’s idea of life being meaningless and it being dark and empty and always behind you just like a shadow, Shakespeare is giving the shadow a life. It is linked to the idea that it is a paradox that Macbeth has stated that the life is meaningless and that something so dark and empty can’t have a life. But Shakespeare on the other hand is giving the shadow a life by making it walk. Macbeth’s life has gone away heavily linked to darkness. Shadows appear in the light.He is talking about darkness and advance the value of life being meaningless.

Another language device used by Shakespeare that shows an instance where Macbeth’s suffering an internal crisis is when he uses a metaphor, which says Life is a poor player. This is a metaphor that refers to Macbeth talking about life and life being one hour on a stage, life is not real and not important reinforcing the fact that life is meaningless. Once life is over your can’t change what has happened. Life is being turned into a person in purpose for explanation. Shakespeare uses this metaphor as one to way to show us that Macbeth’s mind is deteriorating, and by relating life to a poor player he links back to the idea of Macbeth’s internal crisis, and once again shows the audience the clear consequences of committing these foul actions.

When relating to other parts in the play for instance areas where Macbeth is about to kill Duncan. He sees an imaginary dagger. The fact that he is seeing this imaginary dagger shows us that he is losing his mind he cannot tell what is real or not. Macbeth proceeds to use what he is seeing in his mind as something that is telling him to kill Duncan.

At the start of the play we are introduced to three witches, but we don’t know whether or not these witches are in his mind or are really there. Throughout the play Shakespeare makes the character of Macbeth base his actions from his mind this clearly shows the audience that the deeper and deeper we get into the play the more and more Macbeth’s mind is deteriorating. This proves to us that Macbeth’s actions and thoughts have changed a lot throughout the play.

A reason why Shakespeare might want to show us Macbeth’s deteriorating mind is to show us the consequences of losing your mind.

Iambic Pentameter is used often in the play by characters of a higher class as another way of showing Macbeth’s empty mind we see a character who usually always uses an iambic pentameter. At the beginning of the play Macbeth talks in an iambic pentameter but as we advance through the play and more and more of Macbeth’s mind deteriorates he starts to lose that iambic pentameter and starts to talk as if he is not  the king but someone else, this supports the fact the Macbeth is losing his mind.

Shakespeare uses dramatic irony throughout the play so that we as the reader and the audience acknowledge whats going on in the minds of other characters. Shakespeare uses dramatic irony a lot of the time on Macbeth. By using Dramatic irony Shakespeare allows us to focus on Macbeth’s inner thoughts, as there have been many different parts in the text where dramatic irony has been used on Macbeth there is clear evidence of Macbeth’s deteriorating mind. The way in which Macbeth talks about his inner thoughts, before killing King Duncan Macbeth presents to the audience only, that he is seeing an imaginary dagger and that him seeing this imaginary dagger is forcing him in a way to kill King Duncan, this is dramatic irony as Macbeth is only talking to us and no other characters are present in this part.

Shakespeare uses Macbeth as a tool in order to shows the audience the consequences as to what Macbeth does which in this play is kill Duncan, this all relates to greed being the things Macbeth is suffering, he has been told by a supernatural being that he can have it all, more than he already has and all he has to do is just wait it out.

Shakespeare uses a particular style of talk for characters of upper class, when characters such as Macbeth start talking they talk in an iambic pentameter ‘ta tum ta tum ta tum ta tum ta tum’, so this rhythm continues on throughout the play  until in the end where Macbeth’s demise is closer than he thinks and instead of him talking in an iambic pentameter he talks in a way the lower class do, this shows the audience that Macbeth’s mind is deteriorating, and the way in which Shakespeare has shown Macbeth’s internal crisis in a very simple way, which strongly relates to nowadays where if someone has gone crazy or lost their mind their speech patterns would be very different to how they began where the person wasn’t crazy. The reason why the iambic pentameter was used is because it is Shakespeare’s style of writng and him as an artist uses this device.

Say from whence you owe this strange intelligence?or why upon this heath you stop our way with such prophetic greeting ?Speak I charge you. As you can see this quote shoes us clearly that Macbeth is losing his mind, due to the high number of questions he asks and at the pace he asks them you can clearly see that he is confused and is uncertain on how to react in response to what the witches told him. He is questioning the witches as to where they got there information from and why at this location have they stopped Macbeth and Banquo and greeted him with information from the future.

My thought whose murder yet is but fantastical. This quote is another example on how Macbeth is losing his mind, the fact that he imagines himself becoming king and him having to execute the task of killing King Duncan shows us clearly that he is dying on the inside, Due to the fact that Duncan is Macbeth’s cousin and how they both respect each other, it wouldn’t be normal for him to consider killing Duncan, which enforces the fact that Macbeth is losing a war with his own mind.

If chance will have me king,why,chance may crown me,without my stir. This is another quote that reinforces the fact that Macbeth is suffering an internal crisis, he is thinking of becoming king and that if he has the chance to become king he should, this quote shows us that Macbeth really doesn’t know what is the right or wrong option he is only basing his options on what others say (ie. the witches)

Think about what hath chanced. Once again this quote suggests that Macbeth only has one thing on his mind and that is to take the chance to become king, but we later find out that he is reconsidering this chance to become king and doesn’t feel like he can kill Duncan, this shows us clearly that Macbeth is suffering a crisis internally.

If the assassination could trammel up the consequence, and catch with his surcease success. This quote supports the fact that Macbeth is reconsidering assassinating King Duncan, this once again shows us that Macbeth is suffering an internal crisis, what he says in the quote refers to the consequences of assassinating King Duncan these may be from God due to the divine right of Kings or something else.

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The burnt smell of those who didn’t make it out takes over the air and makes you unable to breathe,the eternal smell of bodies rots away, none to be touched or moved.The loud explosions rings the ears of those nearby. The hundreds of people who shriek and weep unaware of what has happened, the loud sound of jets passes by, once again rings the ears of hundreds. The dark storm begins to take over the sky ,the  louder cry now more than ever.  The smell of petrol rips through the nostrils of those nearby. It was a cloudy, wet day expressed on the faces of those affected. Shocked and unable to put any words or phrases together to match what just occurred. Those who luckily made it out running to safety in the wake of another attack, the smell of the dead even stronger now, the path to safety all destroyed and filled with smoke.  The  vehicles that surround are ferociously on fire, limiting the oxygen in the air and replacing it with the toxic smoke.The loud bullets blister the area, leading to a rain of bullets to occur leaving you without help or any form of safety. The smell of tires hits you quicker than a bullet. You try running away but the safe way out is all destroyed, leaving no trace of the demolished road. How would you feel if you were in the position of those affected? BOOM, BOOM, shouting ensues, bullets are flying, you’re still unclear of what’s going on, but to your thankful aid , the UÇK fought back and to your amazement overpowered the serbian paratroopers. The scenery slightly starts to improve, you’re able to acknowledge what has happened and are beginning to see it all change. The weather is moving from a sad stormy day to a nice happy day. The crying and weeping stops. You now see a drastic change in your surroundings, the buildings are beginning to rebuild themselves, the destroyed tarmac is stating to be put back together. Instead of a burnt tire smell in the air it is replaced by a sweet smelling sensation. The heat scorching onto you, this time not from flamethrowers or recently fire klashnikovs, but from the sun as if summer was nearby. You try running but there is nothing to run away from, no tanks, no soldiers,nothing.You no longer see a path to safety, safety is all around you. The sound of bullets being fired and tank shells being fired is removed and replaced by the sound of kids playing the in the park, the people  talking on their phones, everyone seems happy, the local pizza shop’s open 24/7, you can see that it has become more revolutionized. The atrocities of war are for shadowed by the joy and happiness from the people. You see the sun appear, making it even warmer, it seems like a good day you think to yourself, it seems like all the people around have forgotten about the past and have decided to just move on and get on with their lives.

Although a safe haven for the victims was highly unlikely, their still was a fighting force for the Albanians. The Kosovan Liberation Army ( Ushtria Clirimtare e Kosoves) were a highly trained number of freedom fighters, fighting for the rights and freedom for the Ethnic Albanians living in the Republic Of Kosovo, unfortunately the Serbs didn’t agree and Serbian Prime Minister Slobodan Milosevic believed it was right to ethnically cleanse Kosovo of the 90% Albanians currently living there.

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• Woke up in the morning at 6:20am
• brushed my teeth
• Had breakfast
• played some fifa17 demo and lost
• left for school

Chapter 50

The chapter begins with Pip dressing the wounds from the fire on his arm. He proceeds to meet up with Herbert but the two don’t mention anything about the boat they brought for Provis. The two talk about Magwitch and how he was staying with Herbert last. Herbert tells Pip the story about Magwitch’s past and the woman of his past. When Pip is told about the woman in Magwitch’s past he closely relates the woman to Molly due to the matching story Wemmick told Pip about Jaggers’ servant, because of his chat with Herbert Pip now believes that the father of Estella is magwitch.”I know I am quite myself. And the man we have in hiding down the river, is Estella’s Father.” This quote enforces Pip’s theory and refers to Magwitch as “the man we have hiding down the river”.

Chapter 51

With the information Pip has acquired about Estella’s father he visits Jaggers office to confront him and confront him and confirm that Estella’s father in truth is Abel Magwitch. Whilst at the office the two talk to each other about the  to which Jaggers

Chapter 40

At the beginning of the chapter Pip is moving around his house when he trips over a shadowy man who he later realises  is Abel Magwitch ( the convict), Pip then offers him to stay at his and realises that Magwitch or “Provis” (as he was called back in Australia) has a gun with him. At the dinner table Pip is disgusted and annoyed in the way in which Magwitch eats and his table manners,”He ate in a ravenous way that was very disagreeable, and all his actions were uncouth, noisy, and greedy”, this quote supports the overall fact that Magwitch was eating in a very greedily way. Pip secretly leaves the house while Magwitch is sleeping to go to Jaggers to see if Magwitch’s story about himself is true.

Chapter 41

Pip and Herbert both secretly discuss Magwitch leaving the premises after five days of staying there.Magwitch leaves. Herbert tells Pip that he must stop using Magwitch’s money “you feel convinced that you can take no further benefits from him”. Pip and Herbert discuss a plan for Pip to take Magwitch abroad where he will no longer be hunted by the police and will be much safer. “Then you must get him out of England”, this quote supports the fact that Pip is thinking of taking Magwitch out of the country, as Herbert is seen telling Pip to get him out of England.

Chapter 42

Magwitch begins the chapter by telling Pip his life story and how he was always “in and out, in and out” of jail. He was an orphan who began stealing at a very young age in order to feed himself. Magwitch then tells the two young men of how he met Compeyson , a criminal who would  forge money and pass stolen, the two worked together and were tasked to steal money from a rich women who Compeyson tricked. The two were caught, but while standing trial Compeyson blamed Magwitch of orchestrating the crime, Magwitch was handed a 14 year sentence while  Compeyson only got 7 years, this unfair sentence angered Magwitch. Magwitch reminded Pip of the time he saw to convicts fighting in the ditch and revealed to him that it was him and Compeyson. Herbert later reveals to Pip that Arthur was the half brother of Miss Havisham and the person that broke her heart was Compeyson.

Chapter 43

The chapter begins with Pip telling us how much his shrinking of  Provis may be traced to Estella. Pip believes that he must leave Estella due to the fact that the money is from a “lowborn” man. Pip then proceeds to encounter Bentley Drummle where the two to talk to each other in a very unpleasant and sarcastic manner, “Pretending to read a smeary newspaper long out of date”, this quote supports the fact that the two were talking to each other in a very sarcastic manner as Pip pretended to read a newspaper just so he can ignore Drummle. Pip expresses the way in which Drummle reminded him of the way Orlick looks “as Drummle leaned down from the saddle and lighted his cigar and laughed, with a jerk of his head towards the coffee-room windows, the slouching shoulders and ragged hair of this man, whose back was towards me, reminded me of Orlick.” This quote supports the fact that Drummle in Pip’s eyes reminded him of Orlick. Pip then visits Satis house at the end of the chapter.

Chapter 44

Whilst at Satis house Miss Havisham tells Pip that she let him believe that she was his benefactor. Miss Havisham and Estella get into an argument, the two argue in a very sarcastic manner where Miss Havisham is disliking the fact that Estella does not love, but she herself taught Estella not to love. Pip talks with Estella and tells her that he loves her but is coldly replied that Estella never deceived into thinking she shared his feelings, she admits that she is controlling Bentley Drummle and is playing with his feelings. She then informs Pip that she is due to marry Bentley Drummle. Pip then returns home but sees a note on his gate saying “DON’T GO HOME”

Chapter 45

Upon arriving at Wemmick’s house(castle) Pip is told by Wemmick that he has learned through Jaggers’s office that Compeyson is pursuing Magwitch. After staying the night there and having breakfeast, Wemmick informs Pip that Herbert Pocket is hiding Abel Magwitch at Clara’s house.

Chapter 46

Pip visits Herebert at Clara’s house. At Clara’s house, Herbert informs Pip that Clara’s dad is a drunken mischievous ogre, “I am afraid he is a sad old rascal,” this quote supports the fact that Herbert tells Pip that Clara’s dad is a rascal and the quote “Don’t you smell rum? He is always at it.” shows us that her father is always drunk and of an ogre type. Pip is glad that he has removed Herbert and Clara from Clara’s father due to the current state of her father. Pip then finds Magwitch who has hiding upstairs and instead of feeling no sympathy or anything toward Magwitch he felt worried of Magwitch. The two discuss of a plan of sneaking Magwitch out and Pip agrees to go out and get a boat for the three, “I set myself to get the boat” this quote supports the fact that Pip has gone to get a boat and is planning to get them out.

Chapter 47

Pip and Herbert await Wemmick to give the signal but see no sign of it “We waited for Wemmick, and he made no sign.” this quote tells us that Pip has awaited Wemmick but unfortunately have not received a sign. Pip then recounts the fact that Estella has been married fro some time to Drummle now but refuses to think about it “an impression settled heavily upon me that Estella was married.” Later on in the chapter Pip decides to visit the theatre to see Mr. Wopsle perform, once the play finished Wopsle confronts Pip to tell him that he saw him in the stands but also recounts of seeing another person behind Pip “Saw you, Mr. Pip!” he returned. “Yes, of course I saw you. But who else was there?” This quote reinforces the fact that Wopsle asked Pip who that was behind him and asked who else had accompanied him , but in truth only Pip visited the play. Pip believes that the person behind him was Magwitch but knows that he is safe and somewhere else “Of course, I was perfectly sure and safe that Provis had not been there.” This quote supports Pip’s self-questioning. Pip then believes that the man behinds him was Compeyson  “or the special and peculiar terror I felt at Compeyson’s having been behind me “like a ghost.” This quote supports the fact that Pip is scared and terrified that Compeyson was breathing over his shoulders “like a ghost”. The chapter ends with Pip rushing in fear back to Wemmick and Herbert to inform them of what Wopsle has just told him.

Chapter 48

Pip is invited by Jaggers to have dinner, While at dinner Jaggers informs Pip that he has received a letter from Miss Havisham. Molly, Jaggers assistant walks in on them having dinner and Pip sees a strange resemblance of Estella on the face of Molly. Pip then believes that Molly is the mother of Estella due to the strange resemblance between the two. Pip walks back home with Wemmick and cannot resist the urge to question Wemmick about Molly, he asks Wemmick who she was and how she ended up being a part of Jaggers life,”The same. How did Mr. Jaggers tame her, Wemmick?” the quote supports the questioning of Pip towards Wemmick and instead of Pip asking how she went to Jaggers he asked how Jaggers tamed her. Wemmick proceeds to tell Pip that Molly was accused of the killing of a woman and the killing of her daughter. Pip then questions the sex of the girl “Do you remember the sex of the child?”, to which Wemmick replies with “Said to have been a girl.” This quote supports Pip’s questioning and proceeds to believe that the daughter is Estella.

Chapter 49

The chapter begins with Pip visiting Miss Havisham at Satis house, in response to the letter. Once he arrives Miss Havisham expresses her guilt of bringing up Estella in that way and leaving Pip without a person to love., Miss Havisham begins to question if Pip hates her due to what she had done  “because you hate me too much to bear to speak to me?” the quote supports Miss Havisham’s questioning and her fear of losing Pip. The quote “O!” she cried, despairingly. “What have I done! What have I done!” enforces Miss Havisham’s guilt and her sorrow for what she has done to Pip. Pip then begins to question Miss Havisham of Estella, who here mother was? and how she was brought to her? To which Miss Havisham answers. After having his questions answered Pip proceeds to leave the Satis house and on his way out he looks back at Miss Havisham and sees her too close to the fire to which then she proceeds to fall and go on fire.”I looked into the room where I had left her, and I saw her seated in the ragged chair upon the hearth close to the fire, with her back towards me. In the moment when I was withdrawing my head to go quietly away, I saw a great flaming light spring up. In the same moment.” This quote supports the fact that Miss Havisham was on fire and also tells us that Pip rushed in to save her and burnt himself in the process in doing so. The chapter ends in telling us that Miss Havisham has suffered serious injuries and is seriously ill.

brought up by hand

What said Miss Havisham, flashing her eyes upon her, ‘are you tires pf me?’ Only a little tired of myself’, replied Replied Estella

He’d no more heart than a iron file, he was as cold as death,and the head of the devil afore mentioned.

“Estella seemed more delicately beautiful than she had ever seemed yet.

there was no fire like the forge fire and the kitchen fire at home.

and take a walk upon your bridge, and pitch your money into the Thames over the centre arch of your bridge, and you know the end of it. Serve a friend with it, and you may know the end of it too – but it’s a less pleasant and profitable end.

“And you,” said I, “are the pale young gentleman!”

“secondly, Mr. Pip, that the name of the person who is your liberal benefactor remains a profound secret, until the person chooses to reveal it. I am empowered to mention that it is the intention of the person to reveal it at first hand by word of mouth to yourself”

“Yes, Pip,” said Joe; “and what’s worse, she’s got Tickler with her.”

There are several instances of irony in Great Epectations, where the character has said one thing but means the opposite or something else. One well known instance of irony in Great Expectations is when Pip refers to himself and Joe as being “brought up by hand” by his sister. This quotation is ironic because being brought up by hand usually refers to being brought up well, and taken good care of, but Dickens has made being “brought up by hand” the same as its connotation would be percieved as, this is ironic as it is means that Pip was given beatings and discplined through physical abuse.Dickens has done this to emphaside how strict and the type of person Pip’s sister is. There is also irony where Pip talks about thr great reputation Pip’s sister had gained through bringing up Pip by hand. This itself is ironic as the reputation she has gained is is usually seen as a negative one but ironically it is a positive reputation.Page7

Another well known instance of irony is when Miss Havisham and Estella are involved in a heavily heated argument between one another about how Estella has been taught how to not love anyone but Miss Havisham expects Estella  to love her back. The irony of this situation is the fact that Estella and Miss Havisham are usually extremely sarcastic when talking to other people but when the two are talking to each other no sarcasm is present at the current situation, that is what is ironic about the situation. “‘What’said Miss Havisham, flashing her eyes upon her, ‘are you tires pf me?’ Only a little tired of myself’, replied Estella” This quotation supports the fact that this situation is ironic as the two are arguing with each other in a un ironic way. Page 277

He’d no more heart than a iron file, he was as cold as death,and the head of the devil afore mentioned

the quote “He was as cold as death” shows us the hatred Magwitch has for Compeyson, the similie used in the quote shows us that Compeyson was as cold as death relating back to previous findings in the chapter we can relate him being “as cold as death” due to his profession which is forging notes. The conotation of the similie is that Compeyson is The type of person that doesnt care and is very evil, “and the head of the devil afore mentioned” this quote suggests that Compeyson is the head of the devil and even to Magwitch who is a convict sees him as more evil as himself as cold as death.